Forward

2025 will be a pivotal year for digital competition. Businesses and governments alike will focus on designing, implementing, and enforcing digital competition regimes amidst new considerations for participative enforcement and competitiveness. Alongside this, the AI sector will remain a priority for regulators and legislators worldwide, given the rapid adoption and diffusion of AI technologies across economies.

Critical digital policies, ranging from data protection and copyright to AI governance, will shape both digital and AI markets, influencing market entry and competition dynamics. As the landscape becomes more complex, robust research and stakeholder consultations will be vital to ensure that emerging policies effectively address these multifaceted challenges.

Thank you for your trust. I look forward to continuing our collaboration in the future. Wishing you a Happy New Year filled with success and happiness in both your personal and professional life.

A joke from ChatGPT to start the year: “Happy New Year 2025! Here's to another year of fierce digital competition—where even your resolutions have to compete with your notifications for attention. 🎉📱 Let's hope the algorithms don't have better goals than we do!”

My Work

Analysis: The Year of Digital Competition

Digital and competition policies must adapt to the pace of technological, geopolitical, and regulatory changes. Addressing these challenges requires research and stakeholder consultation to ensure policies remain effective and relevant. The analysis

Training: Winter School on Digital and Competition Policies.

The winter school provides insightful lessons on the fast-changing regulatory and market developments related to digital and AI markets. The winter school

Consultations: Struggling with Europe's Digital Regulations? 

I am here to help companies, law firms, and authorities overcome the complexities of cross-regulatory issues in Europe through strategic insights and policy advice to ensure they consistently navigate digital regulations.

Research projects: Let’s work together

News

Generative AI

EDPB guidance on Artificial Intelligence (AI) models

The European Data Protection Board (EDPB) has issued its first guidance on applying the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) to AI models. This guidance will have significant competition implications, as data protection laws influence market entry conditions, particularly regarding the use of personal data for model training. Competition authorities will need to carefully assess the impact of this guidance on competitive dynamics. The guidance

OpenAI fined in Italy

The Italian data protection authority has fined OpenAI for several data protection breaches. Notably, the sanction requires OpenAI to conduct a public media campaign in Italy to educate citizens about their data protection rights. This innovative remedy not only enforces compliance but also indirectly promotes AI adoption and responsible use by fostering public awareness. The fine

UK consultation on copyright and AI

The UK government has launched a consultation on copyright and AI. Revisions to copyright laws will directly impact competition, particularly regarding third-party data access for model training. Collaboration between competition authorities and UK legislators will be essential to avoid unintended barriers to competition and innovation while also protecting creators' rights. As I previously argued, AI developers should have the right to freely use content for training purposes but must compensate content creators when their work is used to generate outputs. The proposal. My opinion

EU clears NVIDIA/Run:ai merger

The European Commission has unconditionally approved the NVIDIA/Run:ai merger, concluding that the transaction poses no competition concerns. However, the press release underscores the new Competition Commissioner Teresa Ribera’s intent to monitor the AI sector closely, reflecting its strategic importance for Europe's future competitiveness. The press release

US bipartisan report on AI

A bipartisan report from the United States outlines the country’s ambition to lead in AI innovation. The report emphasises the competitive implications of open-source AI models and identifies antitrust and competition policy as key areas for future exploration. The report

Digital Competition Regimes

Belgium’s brochure on the Digital Markets Act (DMA)

The Belgian competition authority has published a brochure aimed at informing businesses and users about the opportunities created by the DMA. The brochure

EU DMA consultation on Apple’s data interoperability

The European Commission is currently seeking stakeholder feedback on Apple’s proposed compliance solutions to address interoperability requirements under the DMA. The consultation is open until 9 January 2025. The case

UK digital competition regime now in force

As of January 2025, the UK Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has begun implementing its digital competition regime. The CMA has broad discretion to designate firms and draft compliance measures but must consult stakeholders before making decisions. Its published guidance outlines the implementation process. The guidance

Competition

French Report on competition and data protection

The French data protection authority has released a report by Bruno Lasserre, former President of the French competition authority, on the intersection between competition and data protection laws. The report recommends measures to enhance cooperation between the French data protection and competition authorities and improve mutual consideration of each other’s legal frameworks. Given France’s active role in this debate, the report will likely influence future European developments, notably in the context of the DMA high-level group. The report