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Publications
Impartial research, expert opinions, and policy submissions on digital and competition issues worldwide.
FEATURED
Preserving Competition in Answer Engines Under the Digital Markets Act
Answer engines are the evolution of general search. In Europe, the Digital Markets Act shapes this competition and requires the Commission to clarify access and self-preferencing rules while ensuring regulatory consistency.
Submission
Digital Competition Regime
Submission to the Competition and Markets Authority’s Call for Evidence on Steering Restrictions
Steering restrictions prevent developers from directing users to transaction options outside their app. Should the CMA intervene, it should define only the constitutive elements of fees and design choices and ensure international alignment.
April 22, 2026
Analysis
Digital Competition Regime
Reconciling Competition and Privacy in Accessing Search Data in Europe
In Europe, Google Search must grant rivals access to search data. In its specification proceeding, the Commission can define the scope of data, the anonymisation method, and access conditions to reconcile competition and privacy.
March 19, 2026
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